
For all the talk of the Great Pyramid being one of the seven wonders of the world, certain mathematical mysteries are still hidden in some of its architectural designs. Over the years, historians and researchers have suggested that the pyramid exhibits astonishing mathematical properties, many of which seem too precise to be mere coincidence. Is it its alignment with celestial bodies or its connection with the speed of light? Find out about these mysteries to gain insight into the wonders of this ancient Egyptian building.
The Pythagorean Triangle

Ancient Egyptian architects used ropes with knots to attain right angles and square bases when designing the Great Pyramid. These perfect pyramid dimensions seem to reflect the principles of the Pythagorean Theorem. Technically, the pyramid’s slant height forms a “3-4-5 right triangle” with its base and overall height—a geometric principle that Pythagoras would formally establish.
The Pi Proportion

One of the most intriguing aspects of the Great Pyramid of Giza is its reflection of the mathematical constant π (pi). When you divide the perimeter of the pyramid’s base by its height, the result is approximately 2π. This calculation suggests that builders may have understood the relationship between the circle’s circumference and diameter long before the Greeks formalized it.
The Golden Ratio

It’s quite surprising to figure out an existing relationship between the Golden Ratio (approximately 1.618) and the Pyramid of Giza. Beauty and harmony are often associated with this mathematical constant. From further findings, the ratio of the pyramid’s slant height to half its base length is remarkably close to the golden ratio. Many people believe the Great Pyramid’s design incorporated this math principle.
The Speed of Light Connection

When you think about the speed at which light travels and the latitude of the Great Pyramid, you can see a deep connection. Coincidentally, the latitude of the Great Pyramid (29.9792° N) does indeed resemble the speed of light in meters per second (299,792,458 m/s), but there is no evidence to suggest that ancient Egyptians had any knowledge of this modern scientific concept.
The Fibonacci Sequence

According to some researchers, the dimensions of the Great Pyramid are linked to the Fibonacci sequence. Remarkably, they found that there is a series of numbers where each number is the sum of the two preceding ones. Considering the pyramid’s unique proportions, it seems to follow this natural sequence that occurs frequently in nature.
The Earth’s Circumference Representation

It may sound like a joke, but the Great Pyramid seems to be the scale model of the earth. According to a study from Academia, if you take the pyramid’s height and multiply it by 43,200 (an ancient unit often associated with the Earth), you get the polar radius of the planet. Similarly, multiplying the base’s perimeter by the same factor gives an approximation of the Earth’s equatorial circumference.
The Apex Angle and Time Measurement

Drawing from a post on NOVA, the angle formed by the pyramid’s apex concerning its base is about 51.5 degrees. It gives the pyramid great stability and an astonishing look. Some researchers suggest that this apex angle of the pyramid could have been used to track time or seasons, as it correlates with various astronomical cycles that the ancient Egyptians were familiar with.
The Pyramid’s Height and the Earth’s Distance to the Sun

One of the mysteries of the Pyramid of Giza suggests that its height measurement (in ratio) is similar to the distance of the sun from the Earth. Some researchers suggest that this ratio is consistent with modern astronomical measurements. Today, questions are being asked about how ancient Egyptians could have such advanced knowledge of celestial distances.
The King’s Chamber Resonance

In a recent study by Smith C. H. et al, it was proposed that there’s an intentional use of sound design in the Great Pyramid. The King’s Chamber inside the Great Pyramid has acoustic properties that some say are mathematically linked to certain harmonic frequencies. The chamber’s dimensions may have been deliberately designed to produce resonance, possibly for ritualistic or astronomical purposes.
Precise Alignment with the Cardinal Directions

Many scholars are baffled about the precise alignment of the Great Pyramid with the four cardinal directions—north, south, east, and west. Research by the “Archaeology Newsroom” indicates that Ancient Egyptians used the fall equinox for these findings. The alignment error was proposed to be less than 1/15th of a degree. An astonishing feat considering the lack of advanced tools in the ancient world.
Prime Numbers Link with Khufu’s Great Pyramid

In a journal published by the “Nordic Association of Architectural Research,” Ole Bryn retraced the connection of Khufu’s Great Pyramid with the number 7. He highlighted that certain pyramid measurements are closely linked to prime numbers. Some of these numbers appear frequently in nature and are fundamental to modern mathematics. It makes the pyramid’s construction mysterious.
The Pyramid Encodes the Moon’s Diameter

The mathematics of the Great Pyramid are indeed beyond coincidence. This was further proved in a study of the pyramid’s relationship with the Moon. Some researchers suggest that the proportions of the Great Pyramid encode the dimensions of both the Earth and the Moon. For example, the ratio of the pyramid’s height to its base reflects the ratio of the Earth’s diameter to the Moon’s diameter.
The Hidden Geometry of Circles and Squares

Dr. Roy Murphy argues that when drawing a circle that has the same area as a square, the radius would be of the same proportion as the height of the Great Pyramid. Hence, the pyramid’s base and height relationship creates a perfect geometric harmony between circles and squares. All these findings interestingly reflect an advanced understanding of geometric principles.
Celestial Alignments and the Precession of the Equinoxes

The Great Pyramid of Khufu is thought to have been aligned with certain stars, notably the Pole Star and the Orion constellation. Some believe that the pyramid reflects knowledge of the precession of the equinoxes. Based on some studies, this was a 26,000-year cycle caused by the Earth’s wobble, which shifts the positions of stars over time.
The Pyramid’s Base and the Length of a Year

Although the base length of the pyramid is changing over time, there have been assumptions in the past about the Great Pyramid and its connection with the length of a year. At the time of the study, the pyramid’s base measures approximately 365.24 cubits, a value astonishingly close to the number of days in a year (365 days). You would wonder if the builders knew the solar year’s precise length.